Ihram is the sacred state that a pilgrim must enter to perform the Hajj or Umrah. The process starts with the Niyah, a declaration of the pilgrim's intention, either Umrah or Hajj at the designated Miqat or while on a plane. The Miqat is a boundary set by the Prophet Muhammad and is where pilgrims must enter the state of Ihram. It is recommended to cleanse the body of the Armpit & pubic Hair and perform Ghusl before entering the sate of Ihram.

o make Niyah for Umrah you can recite any one of the following 

Following are three examples of intentions that may be uttered in Arabic:  لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ عُمْرَةً
Labbayka llāhumma ‘umrah.

O Allah, here I am to perform Umrah.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أُرِيْدُ الْعُمْرَةَ
Allāhumma innī urīdu l-‘umrah.

O Allah, I intend to perform Umrah.

​اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أُرِيْدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَيَسِّرْهَا لِيْ وَتَقَبَّلْهَا مِنِّيْ
Allāhumma innī urīdu l-‘umrata fa yassirhā lī wa taqabbalhā minnī.

O Allah, I intend to perform Umrah, so accept it from me and make it easy for me.

MIQAT

On the spiritual Hajj and Umrah trip to the purest place on earth, there are Miqats (Islamic boundaries Prophet Mohammed Peace Be Upon Him determined for Pilgrims to enter Ihram from), either by land points or parallel to Miqat when arriving by air.

• ​Dhul Hulaifah, the Miqat of people passing by Al-Madinah

• Al-Jehfa, the Miqat of people coming from or passing by Ash-sham

• Qarn Al-Manazil, the Miqat of people coming from or passing by Najd

• Yalamlam, the Miqat of people coming from or passing by Yemen (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Fareast)

• Dhat Irq, the Miqat of people coming from or passing by Iraq

After making your Niyyah, you must recite the Talbiyah to validate your intention and enter into the state of Ihram. The utterance of the Talbiyah is Wajib according to the Hanafi and Maliki schools of thought. The Shafi’i and Hanbali schools consider it a Sunnah.​

لَبَّيْكَ اللهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ – لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ – إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ – لَا شَرِيْكَ لَكَ –

Tawaf is an act of worship in which Muslims perform circumambulation around the Kaaba, worshiping Allah and drawing close to Him according to what He has prescribed.

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Upon reaching Masjid al-Haram, Before starting Tawaf Pilgrim Must recite following 

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أُرِيْدُ طَوَافَ بَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ فَيَسِّرْهُ لِيْ وَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنِّ

Tawaf is performed by circling the Kaaba seven times, Pilgrims and Umrah performers begin their Tawaf (circumambulation) from the corner opposite the Black Stone. When they are aligned with the Black Stone, they say

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بسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ

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 "Bismillah Allahu Akbar

(In the name of God, God is the Greatest)

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Start the Tawaf -Turn to your right and start the first circuit of your Tawaf, ensuring the Kaaba is on your left. Proceed in an anti-clockwise direction  

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Raml  

In the first three circuits, men should perform Raml, which is the practice of walking briskly, lifting the legs forcefully and sticking out the chest. However, if there is congestion, which is likely to be the case if you’re closer to the Kaaba, only perform this Sunnah if you’re sure you won’t harm or inconvenience others.

When they reach the Yemeni Corner,  say:

​رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

​“Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the torment of the Fire.” They repeat this supplication until they reach the Black Stone.

​Kaaba is the first house established for humanity and the qiblah (the direction of the sacred shrine of the Kaaba) for Muslims around which they make Tawaf. It has four corners, namely: the Eastern Corner, next to the door of the Kaaba, and it includes the black stone, and Tawaf starts from there. Then there is the Iraqi Corner, then the Western Corner, and the Yemeni Corner which parallels the corner of the Black Stone.

Upon completion of Tawaf, it is Sunnah for Pilgrims to pray two short Rak’as behind Maqam Ibrahim.

Sa'i is the act of walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa. This ritual is a reenactment of the journey made by Prophet Hajar, the wife of Prophet Ibrahim, in search of water for her son Ismail. Sa'i symbolises the pilgrim's determination and endurance, as well as their willingness to put forth effort in their pursuit of righteousness.

The final ritual of Umrah is the hair cuting or shaving of one's head. This symbolizes the renunciation of worldly attachments and the purification of one's soul.